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As of 2013, roughly 3,106 living and fossil termite species are recognised, classified in 12 families. The infraorder Isoptera is split into the following clade and household groups, showing the subfamilies in their respective classification:26

Termites are found on all continents except Antarctica. The diversity of termite species is low in North America and Europe (10 species known in Europe and 50 in North America), but is high in South America, where over 400 species are known.34 Of the 3,000 termite species currently classified, 1,000 are found in Africa, where mounds are extremely abundant in certain regions.

Within China, termite species are restricted to mild tropical and subtropical habitats south of the Yangtze River.34 In Australia, all ecological groups of termites (dampwood, drywood, subterranean) are endemic to the country, with over 360 categorized species.34.

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Due to their soft cuticles, termites do not inhabit cold or cool habitats.36 There are three environmental forms of termites: dampwood, drywood and subterranean. Dampwood termites are found only in coniferous woods, and drywood termites are found in hardwood forests; subterranean termites reside in widely diverse areas.34 One species in the drywood group is that the West Indian drywood termite (Cryptotermes brevis), which can be an invasive species in Australia.37.

Termites are usually modest, measuring between 4 to 15 millimetres (0.16 to 0.59 in) in length.34 The biggest of all extant termites are the queens of the species Macrotermes bellicosus, measuring up to over 10 centimetres (4 in) in length.38 Another giant termite, the extinct Gyatermes styriensis, thrived in Austria during the Miocene and had a wingspan of 76 millimetres (3.0 in) and a body length of 25 millimetres (0.98 in).39note 1.

Most worker and soldier termites are completely blind because they do not own a pair of eyes. But some species, like Hodotermes mossambicus, haveCompound eyes which they utilize for orientation and to distinguish sunlight from moonlight.40 The alates (winged males and females) have eyes along with lateral ocelli.

Termite antennae have a number of functions like the sensing of touch, taste, odours (including pheromones), heat and vibration. The three primary segments of a termite antenna include a scape, a pedicel (typically shorter than the scape), and the flagellum (all segments beyond the scape and pedicel). The mouth parts contain a maxillae, a labium, and a pair of mandibles.

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Consistent with all insects, the anatomy of the termite thorax consists of three segments: the prothorax, the mesothorax and the metathorax. Each segment contains a set of legs. On alates, the wings are at the mesothorax and metathorax. The mesothorax and metathorax have well-developed exoskeletal plates; the prothorax has smaller plates. .

Termites have a ten-segmented abdomen with 2 plates, the tergites and the sternites. The tenth abdominal segment has a set of short cerci.45 There are ten tergites, of which nine are broad and one is elongated. The reproductive organs are similar to people in cockroaches but are more simplified. By way of instance, the intromittent organ is not present in male alates, and the sperm is immotile or aflagellate.

Unlike in other termites, Mastotermitidae females have an ovipositor, a feature strikingly similar check out here to that in female cockroaches.48.

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The non-reproductive castes of termites are wingless and rely solely on their six legs for locomotion. The alates fly only for a brief amount of time, and therefore they also rely on their legs. The appearance of the legs is comparable in each caste, but the soldiers have bigger and heavier legs.

The number of tibial spurs on an individual's leg fluctuates. Some species of termite have an arolium, found between the claws, which can be present in species which scale on smooth surfaces but is absent in most termites.49.

Unlike in ants, the hind-wings and fore-wings are of weblink equivalent length.2 Most of the time, the alates are poor stocks; their technique is to launch themselves in the atmosphere and fly in a random direction. Studies show that in comparison to bigger termites, smaller termites cannot fly long distances. When a termite is in flight, its wings remain in a right angle, and when the termite is at rest, its wings remain parallel to your own body.51.

Caste system of termites A King B Queen C Secondary queen D Tertiary queen Soccer Soldiers F Worker

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Worker termites undertake the maximum labor within the colony, being responsible for foraging, food storage, and brood and nest maintenance.53 Workers are tasked with the digestion of cellulose in food and are consequently the most likely caste to be found in infested wood. The process of worker termites feeding different nestmates is known as trophallaxis.